George Washington did not have biological children.
When he married the widowed Martha Custis, he became stepfather to her two children. His stepdaughter, Patsy, died of an epileptic seizure at 17. His stepson, Jack, died of "camp fever" right after the Battle of Yorktown, the final battle of the Revolutionary War that saw the final surrender of British forces under Lord Cornwallis.
While George and Martha Washington were unable to have children of their own, good fortune can provide what nature denies.
So it was that one of the most enduring stories of the American Revolution is that of the bonds of duty and affection between Washington and Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier.
Most know him as the Marquis de Lafayette.
The young and idealistic son of a noble French family, the young Lafayette became convinced of the righteousness and justice of the American Revolution. He was exhilirated by the thoughts of a people fighting for liberty and the right to self-rule. In his personal philosophy he celebrated self-determination, fairness, and duty--a true Enlightenment man!
Hearing that the Continental Army welcomed French volunteers, he purchased his voyage to the New World. Landed in South Carolina, made his way to Philadephia and was commissioned an officer by Congress by influence of his advocate Benjamin Franklin and by virtue of his French military training since the age of 13.
Under Washington's command, Lafayette took an increasing role in command of American forces. At first not allowed direct command of troops due to being foreign-born, he rose by dint of distinguished service, battlefield prowess, and injuries in the cause of liberty to one of Washington's most trusted and valued staff generals.
Lafayette it was who rallied the troops at the Battle of Brandywine, turning a rout into an orderly retreat even despite being shot. During the winter of 77-78 at Valley Forge, he shared the privations of the starving army during "the times that try men's souls". After returning to France to solicit increased military aid for the colonists, he returned to America and commanded a division of troops in the defeat of Cornwallis that ended the War.
During and after the War, Lafayette was the most visible symbol of French support and comradeship. Washington viewed him as an adopted son, and his letters to the young Frenchman show a warmth and affection that are significant given Washington's formal and proper manners with others. The still-preserved Washington estate at Mount Vernon features a "Lafayette Room," with a famous portrait of the young general in military uniform painted by eminent artist Charles Wilson Peale. A family portrait of the Lafayette family once hung in the front parlor of the estate.
Also featured prominently at Mount Vernon, in the main hallway, is the key to the Bastille presented to Washington by his friend after the fall of that prison at the outset of the French Revolution. It was sent as "a tribute Which I owe as A Son to My Adoptive father, as an aid de Camp to My General, as a Missionary of liberty to its patriarch."
Another tribute he paid to General Washington?
He named his young son Georges Washington Louis Gilbert de La Fayette. Georges was born in 1779, during his father's military service in the Continental Army. Like his father, he became a friend of America, and like his father, he served various heads of state in France.
Because of his republican principles and because of his service in America for liberty and equality, Lafayette was one of the few nobles to survive the French Revolution. He served the French people through the Napoleonic period and the Bourbon Restoration, and frequently returned to tour America.
He was called The Hero of Two Worlds.
So it is no surprise that when, in 1917 at the height of World War I, the Allied Expeditionary Force under General Pershing landed in Europe to take up arms alongside France and Britain, we Americans remembered the debt of honor and brotherhood from the 18th century.
The first contingent of American troops marched through the streets of Paris with General Pershing. Their march ended at the grave of Lafayette. There one of Pershing's aides, Colonel Charles Stanton, delivered a short and heartfelt address:
"The fact cannot be forgotten that your nation was our friend when America was struggling for existence...that France in the person of Lafayette came to our aid in words and deed.
Therefore it is with loving pride we drape the colors in tribute of respect to this citizen of your great Republic, and here and now in the shadow of the illustrious dead we pledge our hearts and our honor in carrying this war to successful issue:
Lafayette, we are here."